In chemistry, study of periodic table, it’s symbol and it’s atomic number is necessary. Here, below I have given all the details.
There are 118 element on the periodic table.
Number of proton in each element’s atom is know as it’s atomic number.
Here, details given below:-
Element Symbol Atomic Number
Hydrogen H 1
Helium He 2
Lithium. Li 3
Beryllium Be 4
Boron B 5
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Fluorine F 9
Neon Ne 10
Sodium. Na 11
Magnesium Mg 12
Aluminium Al 13
Silicon Si 14
Phosphorus P 15
Sulfur S 16
Chlorine Cl 17
Argon Ar 18
Potassium K 19
Calcium Ca 20
Scandium Sc 21
Titanium Ti 22
Vanadium V 23
Chromium Cr 24
Manganese Mn 25
Iron Fe 26
Cobalt Co 27
Nickel Ni 28
Copper Cu 29
Zinc Zn 30
Gallium Ga 31
Germanium Ge 32
Arsenic As 33
Selenium Se 34
Bromine Br 35
Krypton Kr 36
Rubidium Rb 37
Strontium Sr 38
Yttrium Y 39
Zirconium Zr 40
Niobium Nb 41
Molybdenum Mo 42
Technetium Tc 43
Ruthenium Ru 44
Rhodium Rh 45
Palladium Pd 46
Silver Ag 47
Cadmium Cd 48
Indium In 49
Tin Sn 50
Antimony Sb 51
Tellurium Te 52
Iodine I 53
Xenon Xe 54
Cesium Cs 55
Barium Ba 56
Lanthanum La 57
Cerium ce 58
Praseodymium Pr 59
Neodymium Nd 60
Promethium Pm 61
Samarium Sm 62
Europium Eu 63
Gadolinium Gd 64
Terbium Tb 65
Dysprosium Dy 66
Holmium Ho 67
Erbium Er 68
Thulium Tm 69
Ytterbium Yb 70
Lutetium Lu 71
Hafnium Hf 72
Tantalum Ta 73
Tungsten W 74
Rhenium Re 75
Osmium Os 76
Iridium Ir 77
Platinum Pt 78
Gold Au 79
Mercury Hg 80
Thallium Tl 81
Lead Pb 82
Bismuth Bi 83
Polonium Po 84
Astatine At 85
Radon Rn 86
Francium Fr 87
Radium Ra 88
Actinium Ac 89
Thorium Th 90
Protactinium Pa 91
Uranium U 92
Neptunium Np 93
Plutonium Pu 94
Americium Am 95
Curium Cm 96
Berkelium Bk 97
Californium Cf 98
Einsteinium Es 99
Fermium Fm 100
Mendelevium Md 101
Nobelium No 102
Lawrencium Lr 103
Rutherfordium Rf 104
Dubnium Db 105
Seaborgium Sg 106
Bohrium Bh 107
Hassium Hs 108
Meitnerium Mt 109
Darmstadtium Ds 110
Roentgenium Rg 111
Copernicium Cn 112
Nihonium Nh 113
Flerovium Fl 114
Moscovium Mc 115
Livermorium Lv 116
Tennessine Ts 117
Oganesson Og 118
Classification of the periodic table.
The elements in the periodic table are classified into three categories. These are:-
Metal.
Non metal.
Metalloid.
Some interesting facts about the periodic table.
(1) The periodic table consists of 118 elements.
(2) Out of 118 elements, 98 elements found in nature or they are natural elements.
(3) But the rest of the 20 elements are man made or artificially made.
(4) Names of various elements of the periodic table are given after the name of famous scientists and planets.
(5) Carbon is regarded as the most important element of the periodic table.
Features or characteristics of elements in a periodic table :-
The elements in the periodic table have different characteristics based on their position. Here are some main features given below:-
Atomic Number :-
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus defines the atomic number of that element. It increases while moving across a period (row) and down a group (column).
Atomic Mass :-
The weighted average mass of an atom, considering the different isotopes. It generally increases while going down a group and across a period.
Electron Configuration :-
The arrangement of electrons in an atom’s shells signifies it’s election configuration. This affects an element’s chemical properties and its reactivity. Elements in the same group have similar electron configurations in their outermost shell.
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids :-
Metals (on the left and center) are basically good conductors of heat and good conductors of electricity, and they tend to lose electrons in reactions with others.Nonmetals (on the right) are poor conductors of both electricity and heat and usually gain electrons in reactions with others.Metalloids have properties between metals and nonmetals. Which means they have qualities of metal and non metal.
Electronegativity :-
The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond is termed as electronegativity. It increases across a period and decreases down a group. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself when it forms a chemical bond with another atom. It is a measure of how strongly an atom can attract electron density towards itself in a covalent bond..
Ionization Energy :-
Ionization energy is the energy which is required to remove an electron from an atom. Ionization energy refers to the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gas phase. It is an important property that gives insight into the reactivity of an element. The higher the ionization energy, the more difficult it is to remove an electron. It increases across a period and decreases down a group.
Atomic Radius :-
The size of an atom is defined in terms of its radius. The atomic radius is a measure of the size of an atom, basically defined as the distance or length from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell. It provides an idea of how large an atom is in terms of the space it occupies.
It decreases across a period and increases down a group.
Reactivity :-
Elements’ tendencies to react with other substances is called reactivity of that element. Alkali metals are very reactive, while noble gases are highly stable and nonreactive in nature.
Valence Electrons :-
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell, responsible for chemical bonding. Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.
States of Matter :-
Elements can exist in different states such as solid, liquid and gas at room temperature, with metals. Usually solids and nonmetals vary between gases, liquids, or solids.These are the basic properties and features of elements in a periodic table.
I hope students will be benefited from the above given information.
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